Genomics and Proteomics of Prokaryotes at High Pressures - verkefni lokið

Fréttatilkynning verkefnisstjóra

29.6.2016

·         A short abstract, results and impact.

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is one of the main dominant physical factor in deep-sea and 88% of the total volume of oceans is under HHP. Deep sea microorganisms that grow at these depths and love high pressures have been named “barophiles” and recently renamed “piezophiles”. Thermococcus barophilus, strain MP is one of these piezophiles and was isolated under HHP at 85°C from a hydrothermal vent at 3,550 meters depths (Marteinsson et al., 1999). This archaeon was the first true piezophilic thermophile isolated that was clearly stressed at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) by producing stress protein (P60) (Marteinsson et al., 1997). Such piezophilic nature of T. barophilus makes the species an ideal model to study piezophilic behaviour in an anaerobic thermophile but almost all studies performed so far have been on piezophilic aerobic psychrophilic strains.

Heiti verkefnis: Genomics and Proteomics of Prokaryotes at High Pressures / Kerfislíffræði þrýstingskærra dreifkjörnunga
Verkefnisstjóri: Viggó Þór Marteinsson, Matís ohf.
Tegund styrks: Verkefnisstyrkur
Styrkár: 2012-2015
Fjárhæð styrks: 19,748 millj. kr. alls
Tilvísunarnúmer Rannís: 120221-02

The main objective of this project was to characterize the high pressure in situ strategies developed by T. barophilus, strain MP and to compare its responses to a piezotolerant strain belonging to the same genus, Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1. A total of 372 genes were differentially expressed in T. barophilus after growth at 0.1, 40 and 70 MPa, whereas 142 genes were differentially regulated in T. kodakarensis after growth at 0.1 and 25 MPa. When T. barophilus was grown under stress conditions (0.1 and 70 MPa), the up regulated genes were distributed among three Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG): energy production and conversion (C), inorganic ion transport and metabolism (E) and carbohydrate transport and metabolism (G), whereas down regulated genes were distributed among: amino acid transport and metabolism (G), replication, recombination and repair (L) and nucleotide transport and metabolism (F). Different genes were expressed in T. kodakarensis when grown under stress conditions. The down regulated genes belong to three COG: energy production and conversion (C), amino acid transport and metabolism (E) and transcription (K), whereas genes associated with replication, recombination and repair (L), coenzyme transport (H) and defence mechanisms (V) were up regulated. These results provides unique data for functional genomics and system biology for piezophilic microorganisms.

·         Information on how the results will be applied.

The collaborations between Matís, UBO and ENS Lyon will continue, especially on piezophilic microorganisms. Matís and UBO have a manuscript in preparation, a book chapter of piezophiles that will be published by Springer in July 2016 (edited by Pr. Lucas Stal). Matís and ENS Lyon have received a PIA grant (Programme of Integrated Actions “Jules Verne” French–Icelandic scientific cooperation) for 2016 and 2017 to isolate new Thermococcales in Icelandic extreme environments.

·         A list of the projects output (reports, journal articles or manuscripts)

Previewed journal articles:

1) Vannier P, Michoud G, Oger P, Marteinsson V Þ, Jebbar M (2015) Genome expression of Thermococcus barophilus and Thermococcus kodakarensis in response to different hydrostatic pressure conditions. Research in Microbiology. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.07.006

2) Thiel A, Michoud G, Moalic Y, Flament D, Jebbar M (2014) Genetic manipulations of the hyperthermophilic piezophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (7):2299-2306. doi:10.1128/aem.00084-14

3) Cario A, Lormières F, Xiang X, Oger P. High hydrostatic pressure increases amino acid requirements in the piezo-hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. Research in Microbiology. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.07.004

Book chapter Manuscript:

1) Mohamed Jebbar, Pauline Vannier, Grégoire Michoud and Viggó Thór Marteinsson.. Exploration of the microbiology of the deep sea, edited by Pr. Lucas Stal (Springer) 2016

PhD manuscripts:

1) Pauline Vannier: Bases génomiques, protéomiques et transcriptomiques de l'adaptation aux hautes pressions hydrostatiques de l'archée hyperthermophile : Thermococcus barophilus

2) Grégoire Michoud: Etude des effets des hautes pressions hydrostatiques sur Pyrococcus yayanosii, unpiézophile extrême par une approche multi-«omics»

References:

• Marteinsson, V. Th.,Birrien, J-L., Reysenbach, A-L, Vernet, M., Dominique, M., Gamacorta, A., Messner, P., Sleytr, U. B. & Prieur, D. 1999. Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49: 351-359
  
• Marteinsson, V. Th., Reysenbach, A-L, Birrien, J-L. & Prieur, D. 1999. A stress protein is induced in the deep-sea barophile Thermococcus barophilus when grown under atmospheric pressure. Extremophiles. 3: 277-282.
  
• Pauline Vannier, Viggo Thor Marteinsson, Olafur Hedinn Fridjonsson, Philippe Oger, and Mohamed Jebbar 2011. Genome Announcement: Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic piezophilic, heterotrophic and carboxydotrophic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus MP. J. of Bacteriol. p. 1481-1482, Vol. 193, No. 6.
  
• Pauline Vannier, Grégoire Michoud, Philippe Oger, Viggó Þór Marteinsson*, Mohamed Jebbar* Genome expression of Thermococcus barophilus and Thermococcus kodakarensis in response to different hydrostatic pressure conditions, 2015 Research Microbiology, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.07.006